Clegg Impact · Gmax

Surface Hardness.

Clegg Impact Hammer testing measures how hard a pitch hits back when a player lands on it. High Gmax values correlate directly with concussion, bone and joint injury — and every major sport now mandates limits.

Surface hardness is the single most important safety metric for a natural turf pitch. A surface that's too hard transmits impact force directly into the player's body — leading to stress fractures, concussions and ACL injuries. A surface that's too soft is a fatigue and traction problem.

The Clegg Impact Hammer is the governing-body-mandated tool for measuring this. A 2.25kg missile is dropped from 450mm through a vertical guide; accelerometers in the missile record the peak deceleration on impact as it strikes the surface. That reading, expressed in Gmax units, is the surface hardness value.

FIFA's quality threshold is 55–100 Gmax for match play. The FA uses 40–90 Gmax for professional natural turf under its Performance Quality Standard. Above 100, impact injury risk increases sharply. Below 40, the surface is functionally unstable.

Standards followed
FA Performance Quality Standard · FIFA Quality Programme · World Rugby Regulation 22 · ECB Pitch Performance
Why it matters

The business case for measuring this.

01
Direct injury correlation
Published research (Dixon et al., 2015; Peel et al., 2019) links Gmax above 100 to significantly elevated concussion and lower-limb injury rates.
02
Governing body compliance
FA, FIFA, World Rugby and the ECB all require documented Gmax values for venue certification and fixture approval.
03
Insurance defensibility
Annual Gmax records are now routinely requested by EL/PL insurers renewing sports venue policies, particularly for schools and councils.
04
Actionable remediation
Gmax responds to aeration, topdressing, irrigation and overseeding. A test before and after remediation proves the money worked.
Reading scale

How your number reads.

Soft
≤ 60
Possibly under-firm for match play
Optimal
60–90
Target range for elite natural turf
Firm
90–100
Approaching upper safety limit
Hard
> 100
Above governing body thresholds
Our Method

How the test is run.

Every step is UKAS-audited. The equipment is calibrated, the procedure is traceable, the data is defensible.

01
Grid setup
A calibrated 3×4 test grid is laid out across the pitch, with additional points in high-wear zones (goalmouths, centre circle, scrums).
02
Soil moisture
A Theta probe records volumetric water content at every test point. Moisture has a strong effect on hardness and must be recorded alongside Gmax.
03
Drop procedure
At each grid point, 5 drops of the Clegg missile are performed. First drop is discarded; mean of the remaining 4 is the recorded value.
04
Photographic record
Every test point is photographed at the moment of testing to evidence surface condition.
05
Data & report
All readings uploaded to our secure testing platform. UKAS report issued within 5 working days including heatmap, grid values and remediation advice.
What you get

In your report.

FAQs

Questions we get asked.

How long does a Clegg test take on site?
A full 12-point grid survey takes around 90 minutes on site for a standard football pitch. Rugby and cricket outfields take slightly longer due to the larger area.
Can you test wet or frozen pitches?
Testing is valid on surfaces within the governing body's specified moisture window. Frozen surfaces return invalid results; we reschedule at no extra cost if conditions aren't suitable.
Do you need us to prepare the pitch before testing?
No. We test the pitch in the condition it's normally used in. A newly mown surface is ideal but not required.
What Gmax should a training pitch target?
Most professional training grounds target 70–85 Gmax wet state. This gives the safety margin below 90 without tipping into soft-surface fatigue territory.

Ready to measure your pitch?

Every test we run is UKAS-accredited and defensible. Tell us about your venue and we'll come back with a fixed written quote within two working hours.

or email info@surfaceperformance.com with your venue and test requirements